The government's unwillingness to conclude the peace process has far-reaching implications for the nation's stability and prosperity.
The Maoist conflict has set a troubling precedent, inspiring numerous ethnic groups to resort to violence for political gain. Many of these groups with a history of bloodshed have seamlessly integrated into mainstream politics, camouflaged within the facade of political parties. Such ethno-social activities are further hindering the resolution of the peace process in Nepal.
United Nations (UN) Secretary General António Guterres' recent visit to Nepal underscores the UN's firm commitment and proactive approach towards resolving Nepal's prolonged peace process. In his impactful address to the joint sessions of the parliament, Guterres not only addressed the challenges faced by Nepal in achieving a stable peace but also emphasized the critical issue of global warming and its detrimental impact on Nepal's environment.
Guterres' visit served as a testament to the UN's dedication to supporting Nepal in overcoming its ongoing challenges in the peace process. By highlighting both the pressing environmental concerns and the peace process, Guterres demonstrated the interconnectedness of these issues and the need for comprehensive solutions. His visit not only showcased the UN's willingness to assist Nepal in achieving lasting peace but also emphasized the importance of addressing environmental issues for the country's sustainable future.
Nepal's recent history bears the scars of a harrowing civil war that ravaged the nation from 1996 to 2006. This brutal conflict, pitting Maoist rebels against government forces, exacted a devastating toll, claiming the lives of over 17,000 individuals and leaving a trail of destruction in its wake. In 2006, a ray of hope emerged with the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), promising a peaceful resolution to the turmoil.
The CPA laid out a roadmap for peace, outlining crucial steps such as integrating Maoist combatants into the national army, investigating the inhumane crimes, and drafting a new constitution. While some progress was made in implementing these provisions, the promised actions of the conclusive peace process were not rigorously adhered to. Despite the initial optimism, the full realization of the agreement's potential was hindered by challenges and setbacks, leaving Nepal's path to lasting peace and stability fraught with obstacles.
Guterres's Message for Peace and Climate Action in Nepal
The broken promises
Despite the initial optimism generated by the CPA, the peace process in Nepal has been marred by broken promises and political maneuvering over the last two decades. One of the major stumbling blocks has been the government's reluctance to honor the commitments outlined in the CPA. Ironically, the former rebels have switched sides multiple times, blurring the lines between the conflicting parties. Notably, Pushpa Kamal Dahal, the supreme commander of the former rebels, now serves as the incumbent prime minister (PM), his third innings as the executive head of the nation. One might expect Dahal, in his dual role, to be committed to concluding the peace process. Unfortunately, the current scenario in Nepal paints a different picture. PM Dahal and members of his political party are actively obstructing the progress of the peace process, further complicating Nepal's journey toward lasting stability and harmony. This is evident in the transitional justice act, which includes clauses favoring the perpetrators and undermining humanitarian efforts.
Political hindrances
The frequent changes in government, coupled with deep-rooted corruption, have also created an environment of distrust among the people. This political turbulence has hindered the effective implementation of peace agreements and further eroded public confidence in the peace process.The dubiousness among high-ranking leaders from the major political parties is further complicating the peace process. Constant shifts in political alliances have also created significant obstacles. For example, when the Communist Party of Nepal (UML) formed an alliance with the Maoist party, past violent Maoist activities were expediently forgotten. The cabinet, inclusive of CPN-UML ministers, even controversially declared Falgun 1 as the People's War Day during their alliance. However, once the alliance dissolved, the same Maoist activities were labeled as terrorist actions by CPN-UML. In fact, former PM K P Sharma Oli expressed to General Secretary Guterres that PM Dahal, who was once his close confidante, is unwilling to work towards concluding the peace progress. The similar dubious picture can be observed within Nepali Congress, as well. Such inconsistent roles played by political leaders are fueling agitation within Nepal's peace process.
Ethnic and social divisions
Ethnic and social divisions within Nepali society have further complicated the peace process. Disparities in access to resources and opportunities have fueled grievances among marginalized communities. The government's inability to adequately address these inequalities has contributed to the ongoing tensions, making it difficult to achieve lasting peace and stability.
In addition, the Maoist conflict has set a troubling precedent, inspiring numerous ethnic groups to resort to violence for political gain. Many of these groups with a history of bloodshed have seamlessly integrated into mainstream politics, camouflaged within the facade of political parties. Such ethno-social activities are further hindering the resolution of the peace process in Nepal.
International Concerns
The international community has expressed deep concerns about the sluggish progress in Nepal's peace process. Various countries and organizations have offered support and assistance, urging the government to fulfill its commitments and work towards national reconciliation. However, despite international pressure, the government's unwillingness to prioritize the peace process continues to impede meaningful progress.
Secretary General Guterres’ recent visit reflects the UN’s concern in Nepal’s wobbly peace process. Although not directly in Nepal’s context but citing Israel-Hamas conflict, Guterres has emphatically emphasized the need to adhere to humanitarian rules during violent conflicts and wars. He advocated for treating unarmed individuals during armed conflicts in accordance with the principles outlined in the Geneva Convention. He also condemned the heinous acts perpetrated against children and women, stressing the urgency of putting an end to such brutality. These principles are pivotal not only in the context of global conflicts but also in Nepal's armed struggle. Hence, to ensure a lasting and internationally endorsed peace process in Nepal an investigatory tribunal aligned with these principles should be established. Such a tribunal would not only address past injustices but also pave the way for a more secure and harmonious future in Nepal.
The Way forward
To conclude Nepal's peace process successfully, a concerted effort is required from all stakeholders. The government must demonstrate genuine commitment to the agreements made in the CPA, address social and economic disparities, and foster an inclusive political environment.The recent visit by Secretary General Guterres should be leveraged to secure essential support from the UN in order to successfully conclude the peace process.
Additionally, fostering dialogue and understanding among different ethnic and social groups as well as the victims of the civil war is crucial for promoting social cohesion and national unity. Civil society organizations, community leaders, and the international community can play a vital role in facilitating these conversations and promoting peaceful coexistence.
To conclude, Nepal stands at a critical juncture in its quest for lasting peace. The government's unwillingness to conclude the peace process has far-reaching implications for the nation's stability and prosperity. By honoring past agreements, addressing social inequalities, and fostering inclusive dialogue, Nepal can pave the way for a more peaceful and harmonious future. It is high time for implementing decisive action, and the political leaders must rise to the occasion, prioritizing the well-being and aspirations of the people.The UN's keen interest supported by Secretary General Guterres in facilitating a logical conclusion to Nepal's fragile peace process should be earnestly acknowledged. It is crucial for all stakeholders to diligently collaborate on earnestly work towards enduring peace and political stability in Nepal.
