The document, filed with the military commission at the US naval base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, described the men as belonging to a consultative assembly that focused on planning the September 11 attacks.
The document may be released publicly on Tuesday, the Times said.
The men describe the attack planning and the killing of Americans as a model of Islamic action, according to excerpts a government official read to the Times.
"To us," the unnamed US official said, reading from the document, "they are not accusations. To us they are a badge of honor, which we carry with honor."
Military judges on January 21 suspended the trials of the five alleged September 11 co-conspirators, including alleged mastermind Khalid Sheikh Mohammed.
President Barack Obama plans to shut down by early 2010 the detention camp in Cuba, which became a symbol of perceived excess in the "war on terror" under his predecessor George W Bush.
Trump to send undocumented immigrants to Guantanamo