The tragic accident at an IAS coaching centre in New Delhi, where flooding led to three IAS aspirants dying, was a largely man-made, hence avoidable, disaster. Such incidents are an increasing feature of localised urban flooding in which human failures play a major role.

Urban floods differ from rural floods because urbanization increases the catchment, which increases the peak flood intensity by 1.8 to 8 times and the flood volume by 6 times.