The National Census of 2021 has revealed some concerning trends, particularly in the birth rates of children. A decline in the child population not only indicates potential future issues with human resources but also raises concerns about broader, multifaceted impacts. The exodus of youth populations abroad in the name of studies and foreign employment may be the primary reasons behind this situation. The birth ratio of girls is lower than that of boys is particularly alarming. This gender imbalance could lead to significant social disruptions in the coming years, particularly when the number of women of marriageable age falls below that of men. Such an imbalance can result in various societal problems, as an unmet demand naturally creates tension and discord, affecting human relationships on multiple levels.
Trends of 2017
Demographers have rightly highlighted this issue as a serious concern. Over the past decade, while the total population of our country increased by 10.1 percent, the number of children decreased by 10.9 percent. It is crucial to maintain a balanced population growth for economic development. If the population does not support the country's economic growth targets, the gap must be filled externally. Many countries have boosted their economies by importing manpower from Nepal. Countries like South Korea, Malaysia and various Gulf nations have recruited workers from Nepal, recognizing this need. Many European countries are also eyeing to bring in necessary human resources to meet the demands of workers. As Nepal prepares to transition from an underdeveloped to a developing country by 2026, the shift demands increased economic activity. Although Nepal currently has a young population, this demographic advantage may not last. As Nepal pursues economic prosperity, the working-age population is expected to decline, while the economically inactive population will rise. What is more troubling is that the government has not been able to tap the young population as most youths tend to leave the country in their early twenties or even before. This scenario underscores the need to balance population and development.
Just as capital human resource is equally important in any development pursuits. The shrinking young workforce is a serious concern, especially as the elderly population grows, necessitating state attention to areas ranging from healthcare to elderly care. Nepal, which currently supplies caregivers to other countries, may one day find itself needing to import such workers. Furthermore, the gender imbalance in Nepal's population is already evident, and this will inevitably lead to family discord and societal disunity. Ideally, the ratio of men to women in the population should be balanced. Unfortunately, the preference for sons over daughters continues. The government must take decisive policy actions to address this issue, such as offering special support or incentives to families with daughters. In many countries, governments encourage childbirth and family cohesion through paid leave and other beneficial schemes. Nepal also needs policies that support family life and alleviate the economic pressures that discourage people from having more children. It is crucial to seriously consider the unnatural demographic trends and formulate appropriate policy responses before it is too late.
