KATHMANDU, Dec 16: A study has revealed the presence of 154 stone spouts within the Kathmandu Metropolitan City (KMC).
A comprehensive analysis by the Allan Foundation indicates that 61 (40%) of these spouts are operational, 50 (32%) are non-functional, 10 (6%) are endangered, 21 (14%) are missing, and 12 (8%) remain undiscovered. The study categorized stone spouts into these five types, with data revealing that 121 spouts are physically located, while 33 spouts are unaccounted for.
Examining the distribution ward-wise, ward numbers 15 and 32 each boast 12 stone spouts. Conversely, ward numbers 11, 22, 23, 24, 25, and 27 do not have any stone spout. Other wards show varying numbers, with one spout each in ward numbers 12 and 13, two in ward numbers 3, 21, and 29, and three in ward numbers 2 and 30.
Water deficit and stone spouts in Kathmandu valley
Similarly, there are four stone spouts each in ward numbers 5, 28, and 31, five in ward number 20, six in ward numbers 1, 8, 19, 26, and seven in ward number 18. Further distribution includes eight spouts each in ward numbers 4 and 7, nine in ward numbers 9 and 16, 10 in ward number 17, 11 in ward number 6, and 13 in ward number 10.
The study has classified stone spouts based on their condition. Those with water flow, proper drainage, and usability were deemed functional. Non-functional stone spouts lacked water flow. Spouts at risk of extinction due to neglect were categorized as endangered, while those with damaged structures or hindrances were placed in the relevant categories.
Moreover, spouts not visually identified on-site were classified as missing, and those previously mentioned in data but not observed were marked as undiscovered.
Stone spouts play a crucial role in water flow systems, sourcing from watershed areas, underground layers, and other reservoirs. They are integral to the interconnected relationship between nature and human civilization, affecting aquatic life, plants, and the growth of natural vegetation.
In Kathmandu, the significance of water is deeply woven into the fabric of life, evident in the network of palaces, ponds, and water channels. Water resources are intricately linked to the customs, culture, and traditions of urban life, reflected in the rich architectural structure of stone spouts.
