Infographics: Which countries have happiest children?

Where are the world's happiest children? The question is more difficult than you might think. Is it a matter of possessions, wealth, safety or family? Are children in developing nations as happy, or possibly even happier, than those in industrialized nations? The Children's Worlds survey attempts to shed light on this issue. More than 30,000 children aged 10 to 12, in 15 countries, were asked about how they spent their time and how they felt about their lives—that is, how they perceive the world, rather than relying on social or economic indicators of their surroundings.

This is not to say there were no economic indicators: children in developing nations owned fewer possessions (here defined through a series of questions ranging from "Do you have your own mobile phone?" to "Do you have clothes in good condition to go to school in?"). To assess how happy they were, children were told: "Below is a list of words that describe different feelings and emotions. Tick a box to say how much you have felt this way during the last two weeks: Happy, Satisfied, Relaxed, Active, Calm, Full of energy."

The children were asked to answer on a 10-point scale, ranging from "Not at all" to "Extremely". Children were also asked to rate their satisfaction as a whole. Key findings were: Most of the children in the 15 countries rated their satisfaction with life as a whole positively. The percentage of children with very high well-being (10/10) varied from around 78 percent in Turkey and 77 percent in Romania and Colombia, to around 40 percent in South Korea. The percentage of children with low levels of well-being (less than 5/10) varied from less than two percent in Romania and Colombia to over seven percent in South Korea and South Africa. Children in European countries tend to report higher levels of satisfaction with their friendships, while children in African countries are happier with their school lives.

Children in northern European countries are particularly dissatisfied with their appearance and self-confidence. Children's well-being decreases between the ages of 10 and 12 in many European countries and in South Korea. Overall happiness did not vary between girls and boys, but there were significant gender differences in satisfaction with themselves (body, appearance and self-confidence) in Europe and South Korea. Not, however, in the other countries in the survey: Asia, Africa and South America. In terms of living arrangements, well over half (61 percent) of children in Nepal lived in a household consisting of parent(s) and grandparent(s), whereas in the United Kingdom, Norway and Israel, less than 10 percent of children did. The percentage of children in some European countries who live in two different homes was high—over 10 percent in Norway, England and Estonia—a pattern rarely seen in some countries in the survey. Children reported spending more time on homework in Estonia and Poland than in South Korea and England. Children in Poland, Norway and Israel spent the most time playing sports and exercising. In some countries (Algeria, Nepal and South Africa, among others), children spent more time caring for siblings and other family members than in other countries (such as Germany, Turkey and South Korea). There are widely varying levels of knowledge about children's rights. 77 percent of children in Norway said that they knew about the rights of children, compared with 36 percent in England.