An emergency requires an extraordinary response in any field. This emergency arises due to natural or man-made disasters. Although 80 percent of natural disasters occur in the world, Nepal experiences all types of natural disasters except volcanic activity.

Socially and politically, the issue of stray animals has become a part of a big debate today. But till date, no organization or government has taken any effective steps to solve this problem. These animals often block traffic flow resulting in unnecessary wastage of time and many road accidents.

The practice of wildlife trafficking has led to the emergence of zoonotic diseases. Exotic wildlife trafficking is a multi-billion dollar industry that involves the removal and transportation of mammals, reptiles, amphibians, invertebrates and fish around the world. Wild animals are used for meat consumption as well as unconventional exotic pets, animal skin clothing, household trophy decorations, privately owned zoos, and traditional medicinal practices.

The lumpy skin disease (LSD or dermatitis) first appeared in an epidemic in 1929 in Zambia. At first, it was thought to be the result of hypersensitivity to venom or insect bites. The LSD spread across Africa between the 1950s and 1980s, affecting cattle in Kenya, Sudan, Tanzania, Somalia and Cameroon. In 1989 there was an outbreak of LSD in Israel.