Anderson took his 18th test five-for with 6-47 at Edgbaston, Finn got 2-38 — including the crucial wicket of Steve Smith — in a triumphant return to test cricket after two years, and Broad removed the only Australian to offer resistance, Chris Rogers, for 52.England survived almost four hostile overs to go to an early tea on 7-0 — 129 runs behind — on a day when play was regularly interrupted by rain.
Michael Clarke won the toss and chose to bat but the Ashes series, tied at 1-1 after England's 405-run defeat at Lord's, took another twist.
Australia went to lunch struggling at 72-3 after an inspired performance by Finn, who also bowled Clarke for 10, while Anderson trapped opener David Warner lbw for 2.
It quickly got much worse. In the second over after lunch, Australia was 77-4 with Adam Voges caught behind by Jos Buttler off Anderson for 16. Voges appeared to reluctantly knick the ball, paying for his casualness as his 43-run stand with Rogers ended.
That soon became 82-5 when allrounder Mitchell Marsh was also caught behind for a duck off Anderson after trying to drive a tempting ball around off stump.
Australia dropped to 86-6 when Peter Nevill was bowled by Anderson for just 2, letting the ball go and appearing shell-shocked after his off stump was hit. Anderson had three wickets for three runs in an 11-ball spell.
Mitchell Johnson was around long enough, just, to get his 2,000th run in test cricket but was out for 3 at 94-7, caught beautifully low at 5th slip by Ben Stokes, to give Anderson his fifth wicket and 5-22 at that point, with 4-7 in 19 balls after lunch.
Amid football-style chanting of "England, England" by the sellout crowd of around 25,000, Rogers advanced to his 50 off 82 balls with nine fours. At that stage, he had more than half his side's score with Australia on 98-7.
The 100 came up in the 30th over, including 15 boundaries, but Rogers was finally trapped on 110-8, gone leg before wicket against Broad (2-44). Australia took its final appeal but Rogers was forced to walk with the ball clearly heading for middle stump.
Mitchell Starc was out for 11, making it 119-9, falling in a Broad wicket maiden.
Josh Hazelwood had little choice but to hit out for an undefeated 14, and the innings ended with Nathan Lyon bowled by Anderson for 11.
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