The march was organized by labor, farmer and civic groups to protest what they say are setbacks in labor conditions and personal and political freedoms under Park's government. About 14,000 people turned out for the demonstration, police said.Police had initially placed a ban on the march for public safety reasons. But after reviewing a complaint submitted by organizers, a court threw out the ban on Thursday, saying it was an infringement on the protesters' rights to assemble.
The demonstrators carried signs and banners with slogans that included "Park Geun-hye step down" and "Stop regressive changes to labor laws." They began the march on the same streets where a demonstration three weeks earlier drew about 70,000 people, the largest rally Seoul had seen in a decade.
Dozens of protesters were injured in clashes with police during the Nov. 14 demonstration, but there were no immediate reports of any clashes or injuries on Saturday.
The march was headed toward an area near a hospital where Baek Nam-gi, a 69-year-old farmer, remained unconscious after falling down and hitting the back of his head as police doused him with water cannons during last month's protest.
Organizers had vowed to keep Saturday's rally peaceful. Opposition lawmakers, Buddhist monks and Christian priests and pastors joined the march to help prevent clashes between protesters and police.
Critics, including opposition lawmakers, have pointed to Baek's injury and the heavy use of tear gas and water cannons mixed with pepper spray to argue that police put lives at risk last month by using unreasonable force to break up the protest.
The government, meanwhile, has put the blame for the violence on groups of militant protesters, some of whom who were wearing masks, who attacked police officers and damaged and vandalized police buses, which were used as road blocks.
Justice Minister Kim Hyun-woong has said the government is ready to make "any kind of sacrifices" to eliminate violent protests, while President Park compared the masked protesters to terrorists as she called for laws banning people from covering their faces at rallies.
"Masked protests should be banned. Isn't that how the Islamic State does things now, hiding their faces?" Park said at a Cabinet meeting last month.
Labor groups have been denouncing government attempts to change labor laws to allow larger freedom for companies in laying off workers and replace their workforce with non-regular employees, which policymakers say would be critical in improving a bleak job market for young people.
Farmers have expressed fear over the expected rise in the imports of Chinese agricultural products under a free trade agreement between South Korea and China, which was recently ratified by South Korean lawmakers.
Protesters have also spoken out against the government's decision to require middle and high schools to use only state-issued history textbooks starting in 2017. Critics say that the textbooks, which have not been written yet, would be politically driven and might attempt to whitewash the brutal dictatorships that preceded South Korea's bloody transition toward democracy in the 1980s.
Park is the daughter of slain military dictator Park Chung-hee, who ruled South Korea in the 1960s and '70s, and whose legacy as a successful economic strategist is marred by records of severe oppression.
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