The ethics chamber says Valcke was found guilty of misconduct related to the use of private jets for personal use, destroyed evidence and the sale of World Cup television rights.
The ban comes one month after the 55-year-old Frenchman was fired by FIFA. He had been suspended last September.
The firing was based on an internal report about his conduct, including use of expenses and private jets.
Valcke's ban is four years longer than the eight-year sanctions handed down to FIFA President Sepp Blatter and UEFA President Michel Platini in December.
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