The 2011 census showed a negative growth rate in 27 of the 75 districts of Nepal for the 2001-2011 intercensal period. Previous censuses showed no district with negative growth rate. Of the 27 districts, eight are Mountain and 19 are Hill districts.
Total Population, Nepal, 1911-2031
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| Census year | Total Population | Average annual growth rate during the previous 10 years, exponential |
| 1911 | 5,638,749 | N/A |
| 1920 | 5,573,788 | -0.13 |
| 1930 | 5,532,574 | -0.07 |
| 1941 | 6,283,649 | 1.16 |
| 1952/54 | 8,256,625 | 2.28 |
| 1961 | 9,412,996 | 1.64 |
| 1971 | 11,555,983 | 2.05 |
| 1981 | 15,022,839 | 2.62 |
| 1991 | 18,491,097 | 2.08 |
| 2001 | 23,151,423 | 2.25 |
| 2011 | 26,494,504 | 1.35 |
| 2021(Projection) | 30,378,055 | 1.37 |
| 2031(Projection) | 33,597,032 | 1.01 |
